Lau (2013) Physiotherapist-designed aquatic exercise programme for community-dwelling elders with osteoarthritis of the knee: a Hong Kong pilot study

Introduction to Aquatic Therapy for Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a prevalent condition among the elderly, leading to significant pain and mobility issues. In Hong Kong, a considerable percentage of the population suffers from OA, particularly affecting the knee joint. Aquatic exercise, known for its therapeutic benefits, offers a promising non-pharmacological approach to managing OA symptoms. This study explores the effectiveness of a community-based aquatic exercise program tailored for elders with knee OA.

Study Design and Participants

This prospective intervention study involved twenty elders with a history of knee OA, who were part of four Elderly Health Centres in Hong Kong. Participants underwent a 10-week physiotherapist-designed aquatic exercise program, aiming to assess improvements in knee function, mobility, and overall quality of life (QoL). The study’s main outcome measures included knee flexion range, quadriceps strength, functional mobility tests, and the Chinese Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (CAIMS 2).

Significant Improvements Observed

Post-intervention results demonstrated notable enhancements across various parameters. There was a significant increase in knee flexion range and quadriceps strength, indicating improved knee functionality. Additionally, participants showed marked improvements in mobility and balance, as evidenced by the functional reach and repeated sit-to-stand tests. The CAIMS 2 results further highlighted positive changes in mobility, walking and bending abilities, pain levels, mood, and overall QoL scores, suggesting a holistic benefit from the aquatic exercise program.

Clinical Implications and Recommendations

The findings underscore the potential of aquatic exercise in alleviating symptoms and enhancing the QoL for elders with knee OA. The buoyancy of water reduces joint stress, while its resistance aids in muscle strengthening, offering a safe and effective exercise medium. Given the positive outcomes, such physiotherapist-designed aquatic programs should be promoted as a viable strategy for long-term self-management of knee OA in community settings.

Conclusion

Aquatic exercise emerges as a beneficial intervention for elders with knee OA, improving physical functions and psychosocial well-being. This study advocates for the integration of aquatic therapy into the management plans for OA patients, promoting a more active and pain-free lifestyle among the elderly population.