Antonelli (2025) Benefits and clinical relevance of balneotherapy for fibromyalgia syndrome a literature overview

Balneotherapy for Fibromyalgia: A Safe, Natural Treatment Backed by Science

Introduction: A New Hope for Chronic Pain Sufferers

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a chronic condition marked by widespread pain, fatigue, poor sleep, and psychological distress. It affects up to 5% of the population, predominantly women. With pharmacological treatments often offering limited relief, interest is growing in non-invasive approaches like balneotherapy—the therapeutic use of mineral-rich thermal waters.

What the Research Says: Overview of Findings

This 2025 literature review by Antonelli et al. synthesizes findings from ten systematic reviews evaluating balneotherapy’s effectiveness in fibromyalgia. Studies consistently show that balneotherapy:

Reduces pain and disability
Improves mood, anxiety, and sleep
Enhances overall quality of life (QoL)

Many of these improvements persist for up to six months post-treatment, especially when balneotherapy is combined with complementary therapies like mud baths, relaxation techniques, aquatic exercise, or patient education.

How It Works: The Science Behind the Soak

The therapeutic effects of balneotherapy stem from a combination of thermal, chemical, and mechanical actions:

Increased blood circulation and reduced muscle tension
Anti-inflammatory effects through the regulation of cytokines like IL-6 and IL-10
Oxidative stress reduction and improved skin microbiota
Lower cortisol and increased endorphin levels for stress and pain relief

These physiological changes help regulate both pain perception and emotional resilience, making balneotherapy a holistic approach to managing fibromyalgia symptoms.

Safety and Tolerability

Balneotherapy is generally safe, with only mild side effects like transient headache or stiffness. Its high tolerability makes it an ideal adjunct or alternative to medication.

Conclusion: A Promising Path Toward Relief

Balneotherapy is a scientifically validated, non-pharmacological intervention that can significantly improve the lives of those with fibromyalgia. Its benefits extend beyond pain relief, offering meaningful improvements in emotional well-being, sleep quality, and overall function. Future research should aim to standardize protocols and explore long-term effects.